Women exposed to intimate partner violence: a Foucauldian discourse analysis of South African emergency nurses’ perceptions

Background: Emergency nurses’ understanding and interpretation of intimate partner violence influence the care they provide to women exposed to intimate partner violence.Objectives: The aim of this study was to uncover discourses that may help understand emergency nurses’ responses towards women exposed to intimate partner violenceMaterials and methods: This study used a qualitative design to explore emergency nurses’ discourses. Purposive sampling was used to select 15 participants working at an emergency unit in a public hospital in South Africa. Data were collected through three focus group discussions comprised of five emergency nurses each. Foucauldian discourse analysis was used to analyse the transcribed data.Results: Four themes emerged from the focus group discussions: (1) strong women subject themselves to societal expectations and endure intimate partner violence, (2) women are vulnerable and powerless against intimate partner violence, (3) intimate partner violence is a private and secret phenomenon, and (4) emergency nurses have limited scope to intervene when they encounter women exposed to intimate partner violence.Conclusion: Emergency nurses are in a position to intervene in intimate partner violence through portraying a non-judgmental approach that lay the foundation for disclosure, supporting women to change their intimate partner violence (IPV) situations, documentation, referral and safety planning.Keywords: Intimate partner violence, Foucauldian discourse analysis, emergency nursing

Studies on the alimentary tract of Merino sheep in South Africa. XI. Digestion and synthesis of starch by ruminal bacteria

1. The only diastases present in the rumen seem to be those secreted by ruminal bacteria, which would then be responsible for the entire starch disintegration seen there. 2. In the rumen of sheep receiving a regular supply of starch in the diet, the bacterial disintegration of starch granules commenced after 5 hours and was completed within 18-20 hours. In the case of sheep not receiving starch in the diet, disintegration of the starch administered through the fistula commenced after 7 hours and took 8-10 hours to complete. 3. Starch granules of the various cereals differ in size and shape. The diameter of starch granules influences their rate of disintegration within the rumen. 4. Some of the products of starch degradation are resynthesized into glycogen and starch-like polysaccharines within certain ruminal bacteria and pseudo-yeasts. 5. The iodophilic micro-organisms encountered in the rumen and associated with the disintegration and digestion of starch, are described. 6. An iodophilic streptococcus closely associated with the disintegration of starch was isolated in pure culture and some of its characteristics described.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Ontwerp/bou en binne-ontwerp : daarstelling van studentebetrokkenheid by tegniese ontwikkeling

Projects that employ the full-scale fabrication of design proposals have been implemented successfully in various spheres of design education, especially as design/build projects within architectural education. Among the various benefits offered by projects that encourage full-scale fabrication, students are presented with the rare opportunity to engage directly with the physical fabrications of their conceptual imaginings. As a result, these projects offer learning opportunities that go beyond a purely conceptual and intellectual understanding of their surrounding environments and designs. Interior design studios could employ design/build projects with success, yet judging from the lack of relevant research, the benefits of design/build projects within this discipline seem to have been neglected within the discourse of interior design education. This article employs a case study to investigate the learning opportunities, specifically related to the technical development of design, offered by design/build projects in interior design education. The case study refers to a design/build project implemented in the second year interior design studio at the University of Pretoria in response to students’ lack of engagement with the material aspects of their designs. The successes and shortcomings of the project are evaluated using data obtained from questionnaires completed by students. This data was supplemented by the recorded observations of studio lecturers and retrospective design reports. Students’ experiences are discussed under the following four themes: (1) improved confidence; (2) exploration; (3) on-site construction; and (4) design process.Projekte wat die volskaalse vervaardiging van ontwerp voorstelle aanmoedig, word met sukses in verskeie areas van ontwerpopleiding geimplementeer, veral in die vorm van ontwerp/bou projekte in argitektuur opleiding. Onder die verskeie voordele wat projekte wat volskaalse vervaardiging aanmoedig inhou, word studente die skaars geleentheid gebied om direk betrokke te wees met die fisiese produkte van hul konseptuele beelde. Gevolglik bied sulke projekte leergeleenthede wat verder strek as die blote konseptuele of intellektuele begrip van hul omringende omgewings en ontwerpe. Binne-ontwerp ateljees kan ontwerp/bou projekte met groot sukses aanwend, maar te oordeel aan die gebrek aan relevante navorsing, word die voordele wat ontwerp/bou projekte vir die dissipline inhou, misken in binne-ontwerp opleiding. Aan die hand van ‘n gevallestudie ondersoek hierdie artikel die binne-ontwerp leergeleenthede, spesifiek tot die tegniese ontwikkeling van ontwerp soos verskaf deur ontwerp/bou projekte. Die gevallestudie verwys na ‘n ontwerp/bou projek wat in die tweede jaar binne-ontwerp ateljee by die Universiteit van Pretoria geimplementeer is. Hierdie projek is geimplementeer in antwoord op studente se tekort aan betrokkenheid by die materiele aspekte van hul ontwerpe. Die sukses en tekortkominge van die projek word aan die hand van vraelys data geevalueer. Die data is aangevul deur ateljee dosente se aangetekende waarnemings en retrospektiewe ontwerpverslae. Die ervarings van studente word onder die volgende vier temas bespreek: (1) verbeterde selfvertroue; (2) ondersoeking; (3) konstruksie op terrein; en (4) ontwerpproses.http://www.journals.co.za/ej/ejour_sajah.htmlam201

Studies on the alimentary tract of the Merino sheep in South Africa. XII. A technique for the counting of ruminal bacteria

The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Recover : an investigation into a possible counter strategy that challenges destructive spatial practices in contested urban territories by cultivating networks of opportunity (applied in a South African urban context)

An investigation into a possible counter strategy that challenges destructive spatial practices in contested urban territories by cultivating networks of opportunity. The study focusses on interventions that deal with the micro level and is applied in a South African urban context, specifically Festival Street in Hatfield, Pretoria.Dissertation (MInt(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2009.Architectureunrestricte

Women exposed to intimate partner violence: a Foucauldian discourse analysis of South African emergency nurses\u2019 perceptions

Background: Emergency nurses\u2019 understanding and interpretation of intimate partner violence influence the care they provide to women exposed to intimate partner violence. Objectives: The aim of this study was to uncover discourses that may help understand emergency nurses\u2019 responses towards women exposed to intimate partner violence Materials and methods: This study used a qualitative design to explore emergency nurses\u2019 discourses. Purposive sampling was used to select 15 participants working at an emergency unit in a public hospital in South Africa. Data were collected through three focus group discussions comprised of five emergency nurses each. Foucauldian discourse analysis was used to analyse the transcribed data. Results: Four themes emerged from the focus group discussions: (1) strong women subject themselves to societal expectations and endure intimate partner violence, (2) women are vulnerable and powerless against intimate partner violence, (3) intimate partner violence is a private and secret phenomenon, and (4) emergency nurses have limited scope to intervene when they encounter women exposed to intimate partner violence. Conclusion: Emergency nurses are in a position to intervene in intimate partner violence through portraying a non-judgmental approach that lay the foundation for disclosure, supporting women to change their intimate partner violence (IPV) situations, documentation, referral and safety planning. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i2.7 Cite as: van der Wath A. Women exposed to intimate partner violence: a Foucauldian discourse analysis of South African emergency nurses\u2019 perceptions. Afri Health Sci.2019;19(2): 1849-1857. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i2.

Studies on the alimentary tract of Merino sheep in South Africa. V. The motility of the rumen under various conditions

Experiments conducted on sheep with ruminal fistula have shown that normal ruminal movement may undergo very considerable variations from any rhythm that may be temporarily established. In this respect it is essentially the strength of the individual contractions as well as the spacing of the movement s which may undergo a sudden change rather than the rate and the tonus of the rumen, both of which remain far more constant. An interesting feature is the extensive degree of relaxation undergone by the ruminal musculature between the actual contractions. During these periods of rest the intra-ruminal pressure usually falls well below zero, values of -5 to -15 mm. H₂O pressure being frequently encountered, At the height of contraction the intra-luminal pressure may rise from +20 to +129 mm. H₂O, with an average of ±70 mm. Feeding in every instance causes a very significant acceleration in the movement of the rumen, this being due in all probability to vagus reflexes initiated in the pharynx and oesophagus, and closely associated with mastication and deglutition. In some animals the mere sight of food may initiate reflex acceleration of ruminal movement. This effect is, however, neither as constant nor as strong as that noticeable during actual feeding. The type of food exerts little, if any, effect on the ruminal rhythm, although contractions tend to become small when animals are kept on a ration comprised exclusively of concentrates. Complete starvation as a rule causes no definite change in the rate of ruminal movement up to the third or even fourth day, although the excursions may become progressively smaller. After this period all movements may, however, disappear completely. Following renewed feeding after such prolonged starvation, definite delay in the return of movements and also of the appetite is frequently noticeable. The influence of water on the rumen is much less specific seeing that neither the sight of water nor actual drinking causes any appreciable change in the motility of the rumen. Moreover, wide extremes of temperature ranging from 0 °C. to 50 °C. following the dosing of 1 litre of either iced or warm water cause very little change in normal motility. With regard to the influence of various mineral salts, it has been established that small doses of a copper sulphate solution, as well as similar solutions of silver nitrate and nicotine sulphate, when dosed on to the back of the tongue all cause very profound changes in ruminal rhythm, due again probably to a vagal reflex. Al other mineral salts tested out so far have failed to provoke this characteristic response from the rumen. Potassium cyanide in small doses per os causes a rapid though transitory paralysis of all ruminal movements. In addition to the mineral salts, various other substances have also been tested for their action on the rumen. Of these, Lentin (Merck) and Esmodil (Bayer) have been found to cause a well-marked stimulation of ruminal movement, while acetyl-choline causes an acute though transitory paralysis. Pilocarpine and arecoline also cause significant stimulation of ruminal movement. Adrenaline subcutaneously in doses of 2 c.c. (1 : 1000) was found to exert little, if any, change in ruminal motility.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Bone biopsy as an aid to the study and diagnosis of deficiency diseases

1. The objects and advantages of bone biopsy in the histological, haemocytological and biochemical study and diagnosis of nutritional deficiency diseases are enumerated. 2. The technique for such biopsies is described for the various domesticated animals, stress being laid on the likely sources of accidents and methods employed to prevent these. 3. The necessity for simplifying and accelerating methods of diagnoses of bone conditions when dealing with large numbers of animals is stressed and the methods evolved towards this end are described.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Holistic management of female infertility: A systematic review

Although issues pertaining to infertility affect both males and females, women often become victims of stigmatization and rejection,making them susceptible to emotional pain and suffering. Due to these psychosocial problems, they require not only biomedicaltreatment, but also psychological, social, and spiritual support. Unfortunately, many women with infertility are not treated holistically. The aim of this review was to retrieve existing evidence of holistic healthcare interventions for women with infertility. Global databases were searched for articles published anywhere in the world between 2010 to 2018 that explored holistic healthcare interventions for women diagnosed with infertility. A total of 18 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were assessed, and data extraction was performed. Findings revealed that interventions adopted in managing infertile women alongside the bio-medical management included: counseling; cognitive behavioral therapy; acceptance and commitment therapy; educational interventions; spiritual interventions; emotionally focused therapy/intervention and integrative body-mind-spirit interventions. The results of this review have implications for healthcare professionals to ensure holistic care of women diagnosed with infertility in Ghana and Africa at large. Keywords: Holistic interventions, psychosocial interventions, healthcare interventions, infertility, women   Bien que les problèmes liés à l'infertilité touchent à la fois les hommes et les femmes, les femmes sont souvent victimes destigmatisation et de rejet, ce qui les rend vulnérables à la douleur et à la souffrance émotionnelles. En raison de ces problèmespsychosociaux, ils nécessitent non seulement un traitement biomédical, mais aussi un soutien psychologique, social et spirituel.Malheureusement, de nombreuses femmes souffrant d'infertilité ne sont pas traitées de manière holistique. Le but de cette revueétait de récupérer les preuves existantes d'interventions de soins de santé holistiques pour les femmes souffrant d'infertilité. Lesbases de données mondiales ont été recherchées pour des articles publiés partout dans le monde entre 2010 et 2018 qui exploraientles interventions de santé holistiques pour les femmes diagnostiquées d'infertilité. Au total, 18 articles répondant aux critèresd'inclusion ont été évalués et l'extraction des données a été effectuée. Les résultats ont révélé que les interventions adoptées dansla prise en charge des femmes stériles parallèlement à la prise en charge biomédicale comprenaient: le conseil; thérapie cognitivocomportementale; thérapie d'acceptation et d'engagement; interventions éducatives; interventions spirituelles; thérapie /intervention centrée sur les émotions et interventions intégratives corps-esprit-esprit. Les résultats de cette revue ont desimplications pour les professionnels de la santé afin d'assurer des soins holistiques aux femmes diagnostiquées d'infertilité au Ghanaet en Afrique en général. Mots-clés: Interventions holistiques, interventions psychosociales, interventions de santé, infertilité, femme

Cell organisation in the colonic crypt: A theoretical comparison of the pedigree and niche concepts

The intestinal mucosa is a monolayer of rapidly self-renewing epithelial cells which is not only responsible for absorption of water and nutrients into the bloodstream but also acts as a protective barrier against harmful microbes entering the body. New functional epithelial cells are produced from stem cells, and their proliferating progeny. These stem cells are found within millions of crypts (tubular pits) spaced along the intestinal tract. The entire intestinal epithelium is replaced every 2–3 days in mice (3–5 days in humans) and hence cell production, differentiation, migration and turnover need to be tightly regulated. Malfunctions in this regulation are strongly linked to inflammatory bowel diseases and to the formation of adenomas and ultimately cancerous tumours. Despite a great deal of biological experimentation and observation, precisely how colonic crypts are regulated to produce mature colonocytes remains unclear. To assist in understanding how cell organisation in crypts is achieved, two very different conceptual models of cell behaviour are developed here, referred to as the ‘pedigree’ and the ‘niche’ models. The pedigree model proposes that crypt cells are largely preprogrammed and receive minimal prompting from the environment as they move through a routine of cell differentiation and proliferation to become mature colonocytes. The niche model proposes that crypt cells are primarily influenced by the local microenvironments along the crypt, and that predetermined cell behaviour plays a negligible role in their development. In this paper we present a computational model of colonic crypts in the mouse, which enables a comparison of the quality and controllability of mature coloncyte production by crypts operating under these two contrasting conceptual models of crypt regulation